US Nonresidents Must Pay Tax on Their US Income

If you are a US nonresident (this is someone who does not have a green card or is not a US Citizen) and come to the US to work for a few months, you are obligated file a US tax return on your US source earnings (whether paid by a US company or a foreign company).  Your earnings might be exempt from tax under US tax treaty with your home country, but you still need to file the return to claim that  treaty exemption. Depending on the social security agreements in effect, it might even be subject to US self employment tax (social security) if you are an independent contract.

If you as a nonresident are going to file a US tax return, you need to secure a taxpayer identification number also. That process has recently become somewhat cumbersome and difficult.


A nonresident working in the US may under the laws of the state in which he or she works also be required to file a state tax return.

Failure to file a tax return will result in the statute of limitations for later requiring a return or tax to never run out.  Therefore, when in doubt you should as a nonresident always file a return.

The good news is that US nonresidents are not subject to tax on their interest income from banks, savings and loans and US treasury bills or on their capital gains from the sale of US stocks (so long as theses are investments and not connected with their US business).

Learn more about the US taxation of nonresidents at www.TaxMeLess.com 

List of IRS Tax Resources

The following IRS resources  listed on our website including  tax publications for US expatriates, US nonresidents,  US tax treaties, etc should answer most of your tax questions.  CLICK HERE TO GO TO RESOURCE PAGE.

If you have other questions, please email us at ddnelson@gmail.com.  Don D. Nelson, Attorney at Law, CPA.

NEW ZEALAND TO NEGOTIATE FATCA AGREEMENT WITH THE US

New Zealand will negotiate a FATCA agreement with the US. This means bank, stock broker and other financial information on US Citizens and green card holders living in New Zealand or with accounts there will be sent to the US IRS.

There will be no way to avoid extreme penalties and possible criminal prosecution once this agreement becomes effective. Now is the time to file all past due US tax returns and foreign account reporting forms. The IRS will not be as lenient once they receive the information from New Zealand and discover you have not filed these forms.  Dual Citizens and Green Card holders must still file a US tax return on their worldwide income regardless of their status.  Let us know if you need help.  We offer the privacy and confidentiality of  Attorney client privilege to all clients. Write us a ddnelson@gmail.com.  Visit our website at www.taxmeless.com  for more information on your US filing requirements.

READ MORE HERE.

Avoiding California State Income Taxes Moving Abroad

It is often difficult to give up your obligation to pay California taxes when starting to work abroad.  California is an "Intent State."  That California wants to continue to tax you until you show the intent of moving your tax domicile to another country or state.  They  look at all of the facts and circumstances in retrospect years later to determine if you actually had the "intent" to move your tax residency to another country.

There is a solution to the ambiguities involved with successfully giving up your California residency for tax purposes. That is the Safe Harbor Rule which can be used. Under that rule:

• You must remain living and working outside of California for at least 546 days under a contract of employment;
• You do not have more than $200,000 in investment income;
• You do not return to California more than 45 days during any calendar year.

If you meet these criteria, you are automatically deemed to be a California nonresident for the period you work abroad even though you may still have a California drivers license, voter registration, etc.

It is important to successfully avoid California tax domicile status when living abroad since California does not allow the foreign earned income exclusion or foreign tax credits. If means if you remain a California tax resident a lot of taxes may be due.

Some states make it even tougher to give up the obligation to pay state taxes when working abroad. Virigina and New Mexico are just a few.

We can help you avoid continuing having to pay state taxes when you move abroad to work or retire. Contact us if you have questions or concerns at ddnelson@gmail.com.

IRS INFLATION ADJUSTMENT - DEDUCTION INCREASES FOR 2013

• The foreign earned income exclusion will go from $95,100 to $97,600 for 2013.  Remember if both spouses work they can each claim up to that amount on their separate foreign wages on form 2555.
• The gift tax exclusion (threshold after which you must file a gift tax return) is increased from $13,000 to $14,000.  If a husband and wife both give the gift (and both are US taxpayers) they can claim a combined exclusion of $28,000 in 2013.  Gifts for education costs and health care are not subject to gift tax.
• The maximum contribution limits by an employee to a 401K plan increases to $17,500 in 2013.
• The social security ceiling for wages subject to that tax increases to $113,700 in 2013 from the current $110,100. Their is no ceiling on the 2.3 percent medicare tax.

GUILTY OF WILLFUL FAILING TO FILE FBAR(TDF 90-22.10)?

If you sign your return and check "No" on schedule B indicating you have no foreign bank accounts that need to be reported (when you actually did have accounts) the Court has held that act alone shows willful failure to file the FBAR form. The taxpayer was fined $200,000 for failing to file the FBAR for tax year 2000.  READ MORE HERE           

Another issue we are often asked about if how far back will the IRS go to seek information from Foreign Banks on US holders of accounts. The IRS is now asking Liechtenstein Landesbanks for records going back to 2004. This is the first announcement that clearly indicates if you have not been filing FBAR forms for past years it is best to go back and file those forms now. The statute of limitations is six years on FBAR forms for the IRS to seek civil and criminal penalties.

We recommend if you are required to file the form all taxpayers immediately file their FBARs before the IRS gets lists from foreign banks.  They will be cross-checking the information on the banks lists with those who have filed FBARs.  Anyone who has not filed is subject to criminal penalties and monetary penalties up to 1/2 the highest balance in each account for each year that the FBAR is not filed.

Expats Can Extend Tax Return Due Date Up Until 12/15/12 If Previous Extension Filed

All taxpayers are generally entitled to an automatic 6-month extension of time to file their returns by filing Form 4868, Application for Automatic Extension of Time To File U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, , with the Internal Revenue Service.

In addition to this 6-month extension, taxpayers who are out of the country (as defined in the Form 4868 instructions) can request a discretionary 2-month additional extension of time to file their returns (to December 15 for calendar year taxpayers).

To request this additional 2 month  extension, you must send the Internal Revenue Service a letter explaining the reasons why you need the additional 2 months to complete your tax return. Send the letter by the previously  extended due date (October 15 for calendar year taxpayers) to the following address:

Internal Revenue Service CenterAustin, TX 73301-0215USA

You will not receive any notification from the Internal Revenue Service unless your request is denied for being untimely.  Therefore it is best to send this letter extension request by Certified Mail Return Receipt or another method where you have proof the request was sent in timely.  If you are sending your request by DHL, UPS or Fed Exp from abroad, the street address for delivery is on our website at www.taxmeless.com.

The discretionary 2-month additional extension is not available to taxpayers who have an approved extension of time to file on Form 2350 (for U.S. citizens and resident aliens abroad who expect to qualify for special tax treatment).

UAE to Join the Network to Exchange Tax Data with US and Other Countries

The UAE is expected shortly to join the  OCED which is the network of countries that join have joined together to share economic data which includes tax data on residents of those countries with other members of the OCED.  The USA is a member of the OCED which means US expats living in those other countries will have their income and other  financial information reported to the US International. Do not make the mistake of thinking because the United Arab Emirates has no income taxes information on your will not be sent to the IRS.. READ MORE HERE ABOUT THE UAE tax information sharing arrangement.

For an up to date list of the OCED members who are sharing tax information with each other CLICK HERE.  If you live and work on one of these countries, your income and financial information will ultimately or may have already been shared with the IRS.

NO FBAR PENALTY FOR TAXPAYER WHO OPTS OUT OF IRS OFFSHORE DISCLOSURE PROGRAM

One Taxpayer who opted out of the administrative nightmare of the IRS Offshore Disclosure Program has been assessed no penalties for late filed FBAR forms.  The taxpayer was a 12 year US resident with unreported  offshore assets equal to about $120,000 at the peak. The taxpayer was ignorant of the special forms required to report offshore assets and the requirement he needed to report the income from these offshore accounts.

This may provide some guidance to those expatriates who are still trying to decide whether to enter the 2012  IRS Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program or just proceed with a regular disclosure.  READ MORE DETAILS  ON JACK TOWNSEND (CRIMINAL TAX ATTORNEY) BLOG.

Another Tax Professional reports the following:  One of the  firm’s clients opted out and received no penalties whatsoever and another is opting out and may receive just one $10,000 penalty over 8 years even though the taxpayer had $1M+ overseas financial accounts .This professional fees the reason for these successes is  that OVDI penalties are mandated by the National Office and agents are mandated to assess penalties, whereas if someone opts out then the local office has the authority to close the case (and is typically motivated to do so to clear inventory).

New 2013 IRS Figures Of Interest to all Nonresident and Expatriate Taxpayers

Some of the new figures for 2013 which will come into play if you are a US expatriate, nonresident, or have international tax concerns are as follows:

Unified estate and gift tax exclusion amount. Under the sunset provisions of EGTRRA, for gifts made and estates of decedents dying in 2013, due to a law change, the exclusion amount will be $1,000,000 (down from $5,120,000 for gifts made and estates of decedents dying in 2012).

Gift tax annual exclusion. For gifts made in 2013, the gift tax annual exclusion will be $14,000 (up from $13,000 for gifts made in 2012).

Increased annual exclusion for gifts to noncitizen spouses. For gifts made in 2013, the annual exclusion for gifts to noncitizen spouses will be $143,000 (up from $139,000 for 2012).

Reporting foreign gifts. If the value of the aggregate “foreign gifts” received by a U.S. person (other than an exempt Code Sec. 501(c) organization) exceeds a threshold amount, the U.S. person must report each “foreign gift” to IRS. (Code Sec. 6039F(a)) Different reporting thresholds apply for gifts received from (a) nonresident alien individuals or foreign estates, and (b) foreign partnerships or foreign corporations. For gifts from a nonresident alien individual or foreign estate, reporting is required only if the aggregate amount of gifts from that person exceeds $100,000 during the tax year. For gifts from foreign corporations and foreign partnerships, the reporting threshold amount will be $15,102 in 2013 (up from $14,723 for 2012).

Expatriation, Citizenship and Green Card Surrender. For 2013, an individual with “average annual net income tax” of more than $155,000 for the five tax years ending before the date of the loss of U.S. citizenship is a covered expatriate (up from $151,000 for 2012). Under a mark-to-market deemed sale rule, all property of a covered expatriate is treated as sold on the day before the expatriation date for its fair market value. However, for 2013, the amount that would otherwise be includible in the gross income of any individual under these mark-to-market rules is reduced by $668,000 (up from $651,000 for 2012).

Foreign earned income exclusion. The foreign earned income exclusion amount increases to $97,600 in 2013 (up from $95,100 in 2012).

IRS WHISTLEBLOWER EARNS $104 MILLION

A question we often get from expats living aboard is, "How can the IRS ever find out about my foreign assets or income?"  We always tell them that it is entirely possible the IRS will find out and we recommend they disclose all income and assets as required by US tax law.  Both US and foreign third parties can make a lot of money by turning in US taxpayers that are hiding their foreign assets and income from the IRS..

A UBS banker in Switzerland will receive $104 million as finders fee from the IRS in return for giving it names of US taxpayers that had secret accounts in Switzerland.  He is the banker that helped his US clients hide the money in Switzerland. .  In the course of his disclosures to the IRS he misrepresented some information and  had to spend a few years in prison for that crime.  He will still (despite his time in prison) collect his fee from the IRS which is a percentage of the taxes the IRS will collect from the US taxpayers he gave up to the IRS. READ MORE HERE

The IRS expects a lot more Whistleblowers to come forward and reveal the information they know about US taxpayers not complying with the law.  This is good reason to only discuss  your potential tax problems with a reputable US Attorney where all communication is protected from disclosure by "Attorney-client privilege." The law forbids an attorney from revealing any client information to the IRS unless that specific information goes into preparing a tax return for that client.  Do not discuss any problematic tax  information   to anyone but an attorney. Under most state laws, information given to Enrolled Agents and CPAs is not protected and those professionals can be forced to disclose client's disclosures by the IRS and the Courts.

Instructions for New Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures for Non-Resident, Non-Filer U.S. Taxpayers (Expatriates)

On June 26, 2012, the IRS announced new streamlined filing compliance procedures for non-resident U.S. taxpayers to go into effect on September 1, 2012. These procedures are being implemented in recognition that some U.S. taxpayers living abroad have failed to timely file U.S. federal income tax returns or Reports of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBARs), Form TD F 90-22.1, but have recently become aware of their filing obligations and now seek to come into compliance with the law. These new procedures are for non-residents including, but not limited to, dual citizens who have not filed U.S. income tax and information returns.

Description of the New Streamlined Procedure

This streamlined procedure is designed for taxpayers that present a low compliance risk. All submissions will be reviewed, but, as discussed below, the intensity of review will vary according to the level of compliance risk presented by the submission. For those taxpayers presenting low compliance risk, the review will be expedited and the IRS will not assert penalties or pursue follow-up actions. Submissions that present higher compliance risk are not eligible for the streamlined processing procedures and will be subject to a more thorough review and possibly a full examination, which in some cases may include more than three years, in a manner similar to opting out of theOffshore Voluntary Disclosure Program.

Taxpayers utilizing this procedure will be required to file delinquent tax returns, with appropriate related information returns (e.g. Form 3520 or 5471), for the past three years and to file delinquent FBARs (Form TD F 90-22.1) for the past six years. Payment for the tax and interest, if applicable, must be remitted along with delinquent tax returns. For a summary of information about federal income tax return and FBAR filing requirements and potential penalties, see IRS Fact Sheet FS-2011-13. (December 2011).

Read the rest of the details of the program HERE

Download IRS Submission Questionnaire Used to Enter Program HERE

For Details of the 2012 Voluntary Offshore Disclosure Initiative click HERE.  This program is for those who wish to avoid criminal prosecution and have more complex returns and owe more than 1,500 for any of the past unfiled tax years.

Why You Need Expert Tax CPAs and Attorneys

The following items are some of the reasons you need expert tax help with your return and tax  planning:

• The US tax code and explanatory rulings and regulations has grown from   400  pages in 1913           to  73,608  pages today.
• The IRS by its own admission only answers 75% of the phone calls it receives from taxpayers.
• The IRS has over 100,000 employees and therefore has become a very complex and sometimes disorganized bureaucracy. 
• 4,428 changes have been made to the US Tax Code during the past 10 years. That averages over 1 change per day.
• Businesses and individuals spend 6.1 Billion hours each year complying with US tax filing requirements.
• Sixty percent of all individual taxpayers hire someone to do their tax returns.
• The IRS estimates each taxpayer in 2001 paid an average of $2,200 each year to make up for the taxes owed by those who did not file, or cheated on the tax return they did file.
• The US Expatriate and International tax forms, laws and regulation are so complex that most CPAs and Enrolled Agents do not know enough to help taxpayers with Expatriate or International Tax Deeds.

PRIVATE LETTER RULING ON FIDEICOMISOS - THIS ONE DOES NOT HAVE TO FILE FORM 3520 ET. AL.

For the first time ever the IRS has made pronouncement concerning whether a Mexican Fideicomiso beneficiary has to file US tax forms 3520 and 3520A.

The bad news is that it made this pronouncement by way of a Private Letter Ruling which is only binding on the IRS with respect to the taxpayer who applied for the ruling. The IRS  IS NOT bound by the holdings in the ruling with respect to other taxpayers. Other taxpayers also by law can not cite a Private Letter Ruling as authority for their position.

The Private Letter Ruling held that in the particular factual situation of the Taxpayer who applied for the ruling that the US Taxpayer was not required to file the Forms 3520 for that Taxpayer's Fideicomiso.

Whether referring to this private letter ruling will cause the IRS to eliminate penalties for not filing Forms 3520 for a Fideicomiso cannot be determined at this time.  For any filer to be completely certain they did not have to file these forms, the IRS would need to make a written public announcement that such filing was not required.  For the last 7-9 years the IRS has been requested to make such a public written holding, and has not done so to date.   SEE THE REDACTED RULING HERE. THE IRS HAS NOT YET PUBLISHED IT.

IRS Requires Reporting of Foreign Gifts Received from Abroad

If you as a US Citizen, Green Card Holder, or even a resident of the US living here on a visa received  gifts of more than $100,000 (cumulative amounts per calendar year) in gifts or inheritances from a nonresident  foreign individual or gifts of $14,375 from a foreign corporation or partnership (cumulative amounts per calendar year), you must report these amounts to the IRS by filing Form 3520.  Failure to file this form can result in penalties up to  35% of the amount of the gift or inheritance.

The IRS does track large sums transferred from abroad to US residents and will often audit these individuals fail to report these transfers on their tax returns to try to determine if they are not paying US taxes on taxable income from abroad. It is best you have complete documentation for all amounts arriving from abroad which are not taxable  in the event you are audited If the transfer is a  gift or inheritance and fail to file Form 3520, the IRS may impose the penalty.

We have helped hundreds of taxpayers file Form 3520 and we can help you avoid these possible huge penalties and the cost of defending your position in the event you are audited on transfers of funds from abroad.

If you Owe the IRS Back Taxes, you may be detained at the Border when Entering the USA

It is believed that the IRS has established procedures to facilitate tax collection from taxpayers who live outside the United States. If such a  taxpayer has an unpaid tax liability and is subject to a resulting Notice of Federal Tax Lien, the IRS is probably submitting  identifying taxpayer information to the Treasury Enforcement Communications System (TECS), a database maintained by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The database allows the DHS to identify taxpayers with unpaid tax assessments who are traveling to the United States for business, employment, or personal reasons . Therefore, it appears  taxpayers traveling to the United States with unpaid tax assessments increasingly are being detained at the border by the DHS.

FBAR (TDF 90-22.1) - When is there willful failure to file which leads to highest penalties?

The  4th District Federal Court has just held that there is willful failure to file an FBAR (TDF 90-22.1) form when you check the box "NO" on schedule B with reference to foreign bank and finanical accounts when you know you have combined highest balances in foreign accounts of $10,000 or more during the year. They stated this is sufficient showing of willfulness whether or not you know the FBAR (TDF 90-22.1) existed or was required to be filed.

If you willfully fail to file an FBAR form the penalties can be the greater of $100,000 or 50% of the highest balance in your accounts for each year. There are also criminal penalties  for willful failure to file of up to five years in Jail and a $250,000 fine.

The penalties for non-willful failure to file the Form can be $10,000 or less.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies -Form 8621

One of the most overlooked forms for US expatriates making investments abroad, or any US taxpayer living in the US that invests in foreign mutual funds is Form 8621.  If you do not file this form and make certain elections allowed by that form (SEE INSTRUCTIONS TO FORM HERE) you may incur extremely adverse US tax consequences  when you finally sell your foreign investment.  This form is complex and often difficult to complete due to the elections you must make and the information which must be included in the form.  Most taxpayers overlook this form and its important elections because they assume a foreign mutual fund will  be treated the same as a US mutual fund.  It is not!

WHEN MUST THIS FORM BE FILED?  It should be filed when you own a foreign mutual fund (not sold in the US securities market) or you own a foreign corporation that as a major portion of its activities invests in foreign equities, foreign mutual funds and other foreign investments.  This form does not need to be filed is you merely own actual foreign stock certificates, or shares in a foreign corporation that does not produce passive investment income.

Form 8621 is filed annually with your personal tax return. A separate Form must be filed for each separate foreign mutual that you own.  If the foreign mutual fund is held in your US  stock brokerage account, you do not need to file this form.  See The Form 8621 here.  Though it appears simple, this form is difficult to complete correctly. Let us know if you need help.

US Taxpayers Must Report Foreign Gifts Received

If you receive over $100,000 a year in foreign gifts (given to you from an individual abroad who is not a US Citizen) or over $14,375 per year in gifts from foreign corporations, partnerships, etc. you must file Form 3520 in order to avoid a possible 25% penalty being imposed by the IRS.  If you fail to file this form when receiving such gifts you also risk the IRS later claiming the gift was taxable income and attempting to collect income taxes, penalties and interest for failing to report it on your US tax return.

This form is informational and does not cause you to pay any tax on the foreign gift.  You just list certain information about the gift and file.  Many fail to file this form thinking it will cause them problems, but the problem will only arise when you fail to file it. The 3520 is filed separately from your tax return but is due on the due date of your 1040. If you can show reasonable cause the penalty for not timely filing this return may be waived by the IRS.

IRS releases new FAQs for Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program, announces other rules

The IRS just revised and released new guidance on its 2012 Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program Initiative.  The revised guidance is located  HERE.     Read this article from the Journal of Accountancy  which explains  in general some of the revised guidelines for entering the program and another new program starting 9/1/12 for those who owe little taxes, live abroad, and did not know about filing US tax returns or Foreign Financial Account Reporting Forms (TDF 90-22.1)

We have advised and/or represented over one hundred clients in connection with these programs with great success.